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Barry M, John, “The Great Influenza”. USA: Penguin Group, 2004.

Welch at Hopkins, was in the team of scientists who revolutionized American science. They came up with crucial discoveries. America in the period of 1918-1920 was a period or great revolution in science. It was just as well because in that period the great influenza occurred. The death toll was greater than that of the Black Death of the middle Ages and more than the mortality of AIDS in 24 years. It attacked young and healthy individuals. The victims bled from their lungs, ears and noses and then they collapsed. The patients also turned blue.

Before the outbreak of the disease, there had been the founding of the Johns Hopkins that taught modern medicine. Other factors were in play in this pandemic. The media did not carry out proper reporting and, therefore, people were kept in the dark of the full extent of the damage done. There was a failure in the preparation of proper public health measures. As new discoveries were being made in the scientific world, the occurrence of World War 1 was looming close. Through a series of poor political decisions, the war aided the spread of the disease. It originated from Kansas City. When the initial cases were noticed, quite a number of soldiers were on their vacation in the same city. When they returned to base, the virus quickly spread from one soldier to another. This is due to their cramped living conditions that also lacked sufficient ventilation. As the interchange of troops occurred, the influenza was transferred ad hence achieved pandemic proportions. Hence the war was responsible for the epidemic.

Another effect of the war was where President Woodrow would withhold information from the public on the outbreak. He even gave a go ahead for further enlistment and training of men. The public were unaware of the outbreak contained in the army. However, it could no longer be hidden when civilians began getting infected. The hospital went down fast and even had a death toll. The scientists were working overtime to bring a respite to the epidemic. They came up with a vaccine for the pneumococcus. Capps had started initial tests on Preston Kyes’s pneumonia serum that was prepared from chickens. He had not quite finished the tests when he administered the serum to the infected individuals. However, it seemed to work (296). The vaccine was in limited supply.

The pandemic had a cultural effect, as well. Its spread was largely due to the lack of implementation of practices such as quarantine. Few areas closed up their regions and carried out an exceptionally strict vigilance of the people who came in and those who left. This, therefore, allowed an intermingling of the infected and uninfected. The pandemic even reached remote populations on islands whereby it wiped out entire civilizations. During the period of WW1, there was censorship of the press and, hence, the citizens did not know the facts of the situation on the ground. Hence, public health measures were not put in place in time.

In the initial stages, the scientists did not associate the disease with a virus but instead a bacteria. The devastation caused by the outbreak can be attributed to the fear that gripped the community and also the ignorance of the people on the virus and also the prevailing conditions of the WW1. The public health officials were charged in the monitoring of disease and health in the community. However, a need arose for them to also ensure that the community was aware of the same: health and disease.

Barry has done an admirable job in portraying the time period of 1918-1920. This is the period of the ‘Spanish Flu, as it was known. It was caused by the H1N1 strain of influenza. His account though heavily biased to the influenza outbreak manages to capture the events unfolding in the country at the time. All these including, trade, politics, science and even education played a role in the propagation and the aftermath of the disease.

This book shows the major revolutions that took place in this time period. There were great discoveries made in science. The scientists also carried forward the knowledge gained in the period and moved on to further developments. There was the discovery of vaccines, anti virals and antibiotics. Ian Fleming discovered penicillin. Watson and Crick uncovered the structure of DNA. These discoveries were precipitated due to the study of the impact of H1N1.

For a better understanding of this time period, there should be the addition of the history of the politicians of the time. The history of science is given beginning from Hippocrates. The history of the politics would have given a foundation to understand their tactics or decisions in the critical time period of the outbreak. Within that time period, America was on the verge of the WW1. It actually acted as an accessory to the spread of the disease. The author addresses the issue by getting into the nitty gritty details. He talked of the interchanging of troops who were ferried in cramped conditions, which lacked proper ventilation. In those conditions, the influenza was spread from the infected top the uninfected.

Conclusion

This book examines the terror that swept across the population. The fear made people to become alienated from one another as they were in the darkness as to what they were dealing with. The governments are charged with the challenge to inform the citizens and thereby dispel any fears of the unknown. In this way, civilization will survive.

Fatigue is not an illness, but it also has it’s types and symptoms. There are three types of fatigue: physical, psychological and pathological. The physical fatigue is usually muscular pain or discomfort. It is caused by physical exercises or by situations when person uses his muscles actively. There is actually no way to recover from this type of fatigue, but there is a good advice to continue working up, this way muscles would pain less amount of time. Talking about psychological fatigue we can say that it is caused by psychologically hard moments in life, especially when a person is tired. To recover from this type of fatigue you should take a good sleep and relax. The pathological fatigue is a feelings of an ill person, especially when the illness is nearly over. The main symptom is feeling weak. The way of recovery is to take time, and have a rest, after the illness is completely over the fatigue will go away. Finally, all types of fatigue are not pleasant but are easy to overcome, you just have to take a rest.

  When you are choosing where to live in a country or in the city you have to think about both advantages and disadvantages of your choice. First of all, living in the country means breathing with fresh air, which can not be found in big cities, being close to nature and having your owns vegetables. On the other hand, you are far from civilization there, you have to drive to work longer and get up earlier what can be hard. Living in the city doesn’t give you much health, but everything is closer, you can go to work which is across the road and you can have a good time walking along the streets in the evening. Some people don’t like cities because they are too crowded and try to move to the country, but there is another situation in the country, people want to move closer to civilization, they get bored from a “dull” country life. Finally, living in the city or in the country is a personal choice for everyone, “tastes differ” that’s why the disadvantages of living somewhere from the one point of view can be advantages from another.

    There is always a moment in life when people start dreaming about the place where they would want to live, and I am not an exception. I never dreamed about a big house, but it has to have everything I need without thing I won’t use. First of all, I would like to have a two-storied house, with two bedrooms and a fireplace room on the second floor. Then, the first floor will be occupied with kitchen, living room, guest room and patio. I would also like to have a basement room with a small gym and a room for shooting. This is what I’m going to have inside, but the house is also everything around it. Of course I would like to have a garden, where I can grow vegetables and a pool in the back yard. I would also like to have a dog, it can be a good friend and a guardian for the house. Of course this dream is not perfect, this is because it is only a dream, but everything can come true.

  There are several important things to think about when you are buying accommodation. First of all, you have to look at those people who own the accommodation it means that you have to understand what they really think, not what they are saying. It is important because it can give you an important information about them and not be tricked. Then you have to look around carefully and decide if you like the flat. Then if you do you have to think about the price, if it is worth the deal and try to reduce it if you think that there are things that are not good enough. The main thing to think about is how far this accommodation from places where you always go and in what area it is located. It would also be good idea to ask for advice of people you trust, like parents or close friends. Finally, if everything is ok you should do what you feel.

   During our life we always face problems, even in the places which are really close to us – our houses. Everyone usually has his own problems around the house. This is because humans are naturally lazy. Probably the biggest problem when living in the house is keeping it tidy. This is especially hard in too big or really small houses, where you just don’t have space to put things. Then, sometimes there are problems with paying bills. Prices are getting higher these days, salaries don’t, as a result many people just can’t pay their electricity or other kind of bills and can be cut off. Another really big problem can be bad relationships with neighbors. This problem can leave a person without a rest even at home. Finally, no matter how many problems you have around the house it is always worth it, house is still a place where you came to relax.

There are different situations in which money can really help to solve the problem. One of that situations happened to me several monthsago, when I went to visit my relatives to another city. The problem was that my bus came too late, so I couldn’t catch any public transport at that time. Of course the first idea that came to my mind was staying overnight at the train station. Next thing I thought was the negative side of this decision: I did not really want to stay at a cool place with lots of strange people instead of sleeping in a warm bad. That is why I decided to try to find taxi. The first thing that I checked was the amount of money I had at that time, I was lucky to have enough. Finding taxi was probably the easiest part of the job, it was right next to the entrance of the station. Finally I reached my destination and even had time to have a cup of tea with my relatives before sleeping.

The rubber misrepresents an aircraft within an expensive diet.

There are different understanding between men and women of what is ideal marriage. Of course there are some similarities, but the differences are deeper. Women always want an “ideal” man to get married with and they want everything to be perfect during the ceremony. And this is easy to understand, when woman is getting married she thinks that this is for a whole life so it’s really important for her. The biggest mistake is that they also try to organize everything by herself and make it perfect. The most I interesting thing is that after the marriage itself women want to make all the parts of a family life perfect like during the marriage and don’t want to get back to ordinary days. So, the ideal marriage for women is an ideal ceremony and future life with her husband. Men have different point of view. Usually he accepts the “perfect” ceremony of his wife, but then he becomes tired of everything “perfect” and wants to get back to ordinary life. This difference in understanding of what is the ideal marriage can spoil all the time people spent together.

Parents always play the main role in child’s adolescence, especially in it’s early age. Parents take a big part in forming child’s outlook and forming him as a person. That’s why children inherit many qualities and beliefs form their parents. Parent’s are also people child trust the most because in early age they are the only people who give him advices. Children are mentally connected to their parents until they are formed personalities, that is why it is very important for parents to control their actions and thoughts. Any abnormal behavior or thought can hurt or leave a deep mark on child’s future character, cause in early age everybody is like a sponge dumped in water.